In a repeated cross-sectional analysis of the National Inpatient Sample, amputation rates among opioid-related hospitalizations in US adults increased more sharply from 2016 to 2022 than rates among nonopioid-related hospitalizations. The increase was most pronounced in the Northeast and West, and opioid-related hospitalizations were associated with a greater proportion of higher-level amputations. Researchers noted that the study could not establish causality or directly link opioid use to amputations.