5 Key Takeaways

• 1

  Increased fluid intake and a normal- to high-calcium diet lower in protein and sodium may help prevent recurrent kidney stones.

• 2

  The evidence supporting dietary interventions for kidney stones is mostly low strength and many studies have significant limitations.

• 3

  Adults with a history of kidney stones have a 50% risk of recurrence, while the risk is about 25% within five years after the first stone.

• 4

  Pharmacologic therapies like thiazides and allopurinol show low-strength evidence of benefit for reducing stone recurrence.

• 5

  There is a need for more research on pediatric patients and specific stone subtypes to improve understanding of kidney stone prevention.