- Esophageal varices are swollen veins due to increased portal pressure.
- EVL is effective in approximately 90% of cases.
- Alternatives after EVL failure include EIS and ETA.
- TIPS reduces portal pressure but is rarely used in Japan.
- Regional differences exist in treatment approaches.
- New laparoscopic techniques are under investigation to reduce surgical complications.
- Non-selective beta-blockers play a role in management.
- Advances in interdisciplinary coordination are leading to better-tailored strategies.
Source: DEN Open
