1. Five significant risk factors for new onset of shoulder pain and injury among athletes: range of motion abnormalities, reduced strength, history of musculoskeletal pain, previous injury, and training load.
2. The review highlighted variations in risk factors by sport and the importance of objective prescreening measures in shoulder injury mitigation strategies.
3. Inconsistent definitions of injury and pain within the studies were identified as a significant limitation.
4. Incorporating shoulder injury prevention programs was shown to reduce the risk of shoulder injuries, emphasizing the potential efficacy of tailored interventions.
5. Future research considerations include using consistent definitions of injury and pain, clearly differentiating between pain and injury, and utilizing valid methods to measure risk factors.

Source: International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy