The study, published in Neurology, highlights that greater variability in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels over time is independently associated with an increased risk of dementia and cognitive decline in older adults, irrespective of mean cholesterol values. It involved 9,846 patients and found that monitoring cholesterol fluctuations through repeated measurements could provide additional risk information on dementia and cognitive decline, particularly in older patients. The study suggests that tracking variability of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol may serve as a novel biomarker for incident dementia and cognitive decline in older adults.