1. 16 genetic variants found in females, eight in males with major depressive disorder.
2. A novel X-chromosome variant near IL1RAPL1 identified in males.
3. Females show higher heritability and broader polygenicity for depression.
4. Stronger genetic overlap in females with BMI, metabolic syndrome, and ADHD.
5. Most genetic variants are shared but differ in effect size between sexes.
6. Findings support sex-specific genetic approaches to depression research.

Source: Nature Communications