A systematic review found Janus kinase inhibitor monotherapy improved outcomes vs methotrexate or placebo, but direct comparisons with combination therapy were limited.
A small observational study in collegiate football players found microbiome associations after nonconcussive head impacts, though findings were limited by severe underpowering and high attrition
Meta-analysis favored tofacitinib for some rheumatoid arthritis outcomes, but high heterogeneity, dose-dependent effects, and JAK inhibitor safety concerns complicate interpretation.