A comprehensive review of dietary interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease identified plant-based, high-fiber eating patterns as optimal for preventing disease progression to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, or liver failure.
The report, published in U.S. News & World Report and authored by Kathleen Zelman, MPH, RDN, emphasized that approximately 75% of U.S. adults have overweight or obesity, conditions strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Clinical evidence indicated that a 7% reduction in body weight can decrease hepatic fat content and ameliorate disease symptoms.
Key Therapeutic Dietary Components:
- Anti-inflammatory foods
- Complex carbohydrates
- Fiber-rich whole grains
- Lean protein sources
- Omega-3 fatty acids
- Plant-based protein alternatives
- Unsaturated fats.
The review ranked 10 evidence-based dietary patterns, with the Mediterranean diet receiving the highest score (4.5/5.0). The flexitarian and vegan diets tied for second place (3.7/5.0), followed by the DASH diet (3.7/5.0).
Clinical recommendations included:
- Implement gradual weight loss protocols
- Prescribe minimum 150 to 300 minutes weekly moderate-intensity physical activity
- Limit saturated fat, refined sugar, and processed food consumption
- Monitor liver enzyme levels
- Consider referral to registered dietitian nutritionist for individualized meal planning.
The report noted that rapid weight loss may exacerbate NAFLD and emphasized the importance of sustained lifestyle modifications over quick-fix approaches. Treatment goals should focus on reducing hepatic fat accumulation, improving insulin sensitivity, and decreasing hepatic inflammation through evidence-based dietary interventions.
Reference: Zelman K. Best Diets for Fatty Liver. US News & World Report.