A recent scoping review found that up to 94% of survey participants in online health research were excluded due to fraudulent responses. The researchers examined strategies to identify and mitigate fraudulent responses, evaluating 23 articles from 9 databases using specific methodologies.

Fraud detection methods included survey completion time analysis, non-conforming responses, geographical incongruity, and temporal anomalies. Higher incentives were linked to increased fraudulent responses.

Mitigation strategies include CAPTCHA systems, manual verification, and unique URL checks. The review highlighted the need for a multifaceted approach to enhance data integrity and called for further exploration of advanced technologies.