- Morning coffee consumption linked to lower all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality in U.S. adults.
- Significant association between morning-type coffee consumption and increasing daily intake with lower mortality risk.
- Morning-type drinkers reported an average daily coffee intake of 458.5 grams.
- The study observed a lower proportion of decaffeinated coffee consumption in the morning-type group.
- Limitations included reliance on self-reported dietary data, potential for residual confounding, and lack of generalizability to populations outside the U.S.
Source: European Heart Journal