Recent research has indicated that specific dietary interventions may help manage prediabetes, a condition affecting approximately one-third of Americans, according to findings.
The review, published in U.S. News & World Report, evaluated multiple dietary approaches for prediabetes management and potential type 2 diabetes prevention.
The investigators identified the Mediterranean diet as the most effective dietary intervention, scoring 4.7 out of 5.0, followed by the DASH diet at 4.4, and the Flexitarian diet at 4.1. The MIND diet (3.9), Mayo Clinic diet (3.8), Cleveland Clinic diet (3.7), and vegan diet (3.4) were also evaluated.
Key mechanisms of action included macronutrient composition focusing on specific carbohydrate types and insulin response.
"With prediabetes, blood sugar levels are above normal. This condition—called hyperglycemia—can develop if your body doesn't produce enough insulin or if your cells don't respond to insulin as expected to remove the excess sugar from the blood," the article noted.
The research emphasized protein requirements aligned with American Diabetes Association guidelines, specifically noting that "eating two to three ounces of protein per meal has little to no impact on blood sugar levels among [individuals] who aren't on insulin, including those with prediabetes."
Regarding clinical implementation, the study recommended the following macronutrient distribution on patients' plates:
- Nonstarchy vegetables: 50%
- Quality carbohydrates: 25%
- Lean protein: 25%.
The investigation identified specific dietary components requiring clinical attention.
The research emphasized selecting high-fiber, nutrient-dense carbohydrates over refined options. Evidence suggested fiber's role in slowing sugar absorption and supporting glycemic control.
The findings supported prioritizing monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats while reducing saturated fat intake, particularly noting the role of omega-3 fatty acids from sources such as salmon, sardines, and tuna.
Data supported both animal and plant protein sources, with emphasis on lean options to minimize saturated fat intake.
The review connected dietary intervention with cardiovascular outcomes, noting that prediabetes increased both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. However, the research suggested that "lifestyle changes can cut type 2 diabetes risk in half."
Limitations included its focus on dietary interventions without concurrent analysis of physical activity or medication impacts. Additionally, the scoring methodology for dietary approaches may warrant further investigation.
Future research directions may include comparative effectiveness studies between identified dietary approaches and evaluation of long-term adherence rates among prediabetic patients.
The findings may have immediate clinical applications for physicians managing patients with prediabetes, particularly in developing evidence-based dietary recommendations aligned with ADA guidelines.
