In a press release from the ACC, researchers detailed the relationship between e-cigarette use and the risk of heart failure. Prior research has identified a slew of adverse health effects linked to electronic nicotine products such as e-cigarettes, vape pens, hookah pens, personal vaporizers and mods, e-cigars, e-pipes, and e-hookahs. In a prospective study presented by Bene-Alhasan et al at the ACC Annual Scientific Session 2024, investigators used electronic health record data from 175,667 individuals who participated in the National Institutes of Health’s All of Us study. After a median follow-up of 45 months, 3,242 of the participants were diagnosed with heart failure. The researchers revealed that individuals who used e-cigarettes at any point during the study period had a 19% greater risk of developing heart failure compared with those who never used the products. Other factors such as age, sex, and smoking status did not appear to affect the correlation between e-cigarette use and heart failure risk. Additionally, the researchers noted that the association was statistically significant for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction but not for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. As a result of the study’s limitations, the investigators were unable to establish a direct connection between e-cigarette use and heart failure; however, further studies examining the cardiovascular consequences of using electronic nicotine products may be imperative as their prevalence continues to grow across the United States.