In an analysis of more than 3 million medical records, treatment with propranolol was associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke in women with migraines, particularly those without aura. No significant association was observed in men. These findings will be presented at the American Stroke Association's International Stroke Conference in Los Angeles, February 5–7, 2025.

The study found stroke risk reduction varied between 39% and 52% across two separate database analyses for women taking propranolol. These findings are especially notable as migraines affect women three times more frequently than men and are associated with increased stroke risk.

"Migraine is an often-ignored risk factor for cardiovascular issues. Until recently, preventive treatments for people who have migraines were not available," said lead study author Mulubrhan Mogos, PhD, MSc, FAHA, Assistant Professor at Vanderbilt University School of Nursing. "Many women suffer from migraines, and it's important to note that propranolol may be beneficial for these women, particularly those who experience migraine without aura. This is an important discovery for those dealing with migraines."

Migraine aura can manifest as various sensory disturbances, including flashing lights, blind spots, zigzag patterns, colored spots, tingling or numbness in extremities, speech difficulties, and dizziness.

The research team analyzed electronic health records from two extensive databases: the Synthetic Derivative database from Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the All of Us Research Program. Researchers controlled for multiple variables, including demographics, comorbidities, and hormonal factors.

Dr. Mogos emphasized the importance of health-care accessibility, stating, "Our findings indicate that women and health-care professionals should discuss the advantages of preventive migraine interventions. For under-resourced individuals who bear a greater burden from this condition and may lack access to new treatments, we must ensure these treatments are available to them. This approach can help reduce health disparities."

The researchers acknowledged limitations in their retrospective study design, noting potential biases from reliance on ICD codes in electronic health records. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

This research abstract has not yet undergone peer review.