1. Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) reduces TB risk by 24% overall and 46% in high TB burden regions.
2. Screening strategies, including both the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA), were found to influence TPT efficacy.
3. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had the highest initial TB risk, but TPT reduced the risk significantly.
4. TPT was particularly effective in TBI-positive patients, reducing TB risk by 89%.
5. Patients receiving disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) or glucocorticoids experienced greater benefit from TPT.
6. In high TB burden regions, TPT significantly narrowed the gap in TB incidence compared to low-burden areas.
7. The study recommended extending isoniazid treatment duration in high TB burden regions and conducting more randomized controlled trials.

Source: eClinicalMedicine