- Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit reduced adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.
- Disease-associated B-cell endotypes and immune abnormalities contribute to diminished antibody neutralization potency.
- Belimumab, frequently used in SLE management, further impairs vaccine responses.
- Extrafollicular B- and T-cell dynamics play a significant role in suboptimal vaccine efficacy.
- The study recommends tailoring vaccine formulations for immunocompromised populations like those with SLE.
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