- Space travel induces disruptions in normal biological processes due to absence of gravitational forces.
- Risks include genomic instability, neurodegenerative effects, cardiovascular remodeling, and immune dysregulation.
- Microgravity triggers fluid redistribution, musculoskeletal atrophy, cardiovascular deconditioning, and vestibular dysfunction.
- Extended space missions pose psychological challenges like circadian dysregulation and mood disturbances.
- Post-mission recovery varies based on mission duration; long-term effects include delayed musculoskeletal recovery, visual impairment, and cognitive sequelae.
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