A cohort study in Israel found that infants receiving acid-suppressive therapy (AST) in their first 6 months of life had a 52% higher risk of developing celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA). However, a test-negative case-control study suggested that the association may not be causal, and that the link seen in the cohort study might be confounded by health care utilization behavior. Longer AST use was associated with a higher risk, and children with more than 1 month of AST use had an even higher adjusted hazard ratio. The study had limitations, including reliance on serologic tests rather than biopsy and incomplete information on the reasons for CDA testing.

Source: JAMA Network Open