PAX6 is identified as a reliable transcription factor in duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), being expressed in 85% of cases. A study involving 53 patients indicates that mixed hormone patterns are common, with 57% of tumors expressing multiple hormones, predominantly gastrin. The research suggests that broader hormone panels should be considered in diagnostic workups as traditional single-hormone approaches may oversimplify NET biology. Factors such as tumor stage and expression of serotonin have shown prognostic significance, indicating a need for more comprehensive evaluations in diagnosis and monitoring.

Source: Endocrine Pathology