- Anemia was associated with both elevated Alzheimer-related blood biomarkers (p-tau217, NfL, GFAP) and increased dementia risk
- Participants with anemia had a 66% higher hazard of developing dementia compared with those with normal hemoglobin levels
- Lower hemoglobin levels were linked to higher dementia risk up to a threshold, after which the association plateaued
- The highest dementia risk occurred when anemia and elevated biomarkers coexisted, especially with high NfL levels
- Findings suggest a potential interaction between anemia and neurodegenerative processes, though causation cannot be established
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