A recent study found that lifestyle risk behaviors commonly adopted by university students—such as poor diet, reduced oral hygiene, and substance use—were significantly associated with declining oral health during their first 6 months at university.
The longitudinal study followed 205 first-year students aged 18 to 24 years at a UK university. Participants completed online surveys at the start of the academic year and again 6 months later. They reported on oral health status, hygiene routines, and behaviors including diet, smoking, alcohol use, and exercise.
The results showed a clear pattern. Students engaging in risk behaviors experienced worsening oral health. There were significant declines in the condition of teeth (P < .001) and gums (P = .004), reduced brushing frequency (P = .003), and fewer dental visits (P = .013). Most students (over 95%) had not registered with a new dentist while at university.
Dietary habits were strongly linked to oral health outcomes. Frequent consumption of unhealthy foods correlated with poorer gum (P = .010) and tooth condition (P = .001). Students who regularly consumed sugary drinks were more likely to brush less often (P < .001) and rated their oral care routines lower.
Substance use also played a role. Students who vaped were more likely to report bleeding gums, whereas those who had never vaped reported better gum health (P = .017). Although overall smoking and vaping rates remained stable, students who avoided these behaviors had better oral health.
Students reported drinking less frequently (P = .030), consuming fewer units per occasion (P < .001), and engaging in less binge drinking (P = .014), suggesting possible behavioral adaptation during the transition to university life.
Students who exercised regularly were more likely to brush twice daily (P = .012) and had fewer cases of bleeding gums (P = .011). Exercise levels remained consistently high throughout the study period.
A shift in oral health priorities was also observed. At baseline, students prioritized having “fresh” or “clean” teeth. After 6 months, they focused more on having “white teeth” and avoiding toothaches—possibly reflecting increased concern with appearance and discomfort.
Although the study relied on self-reported data and experienced some participant drop-off by follow-up, the findings provided valuable insights into how lifestyle changes during university can affect oral health. The investigators noted the need for targeted interventions to promote positive oral health behaviors in students.
The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Source: PLOS One