A narrative review of 18 studies found that lower serum vitamin D levels were frequently associated with higher myopia prevalence and longer axial length in children and young adults, although the evidence suggests vitamin D may primarily reflect outdoor exposure rather than independently drive refractive development. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids showed the strongest nutritional signal for a potential protective association against myopia, while evidence for vitamin A, zinc, selenium, and refined carbohydrates remained inconsistent or observational. The authors concluded that nutritional interventions cannot currently be recommended as standalone strategies for myopia control.