5 Key Takeaways

• 1

  The eye maintains immune privilege through the blood-retinal barrier and immunosuppressive factors to prevent excessive inflammation.

• 2

  Skewed immune responses, including T cell and B cell activation, contribute to diseases like uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, AMD, and Graves’ ophthalmopathy.

• 3

  Corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for uveitis, but biologics targeting IL-17 and IL-23 pathways offer alternative strategies.

• 4

  Anti-VEGF agents are standard for diabetic retinopathy and wet AMD, but new approaches target microglial activation and inflammation.

• 5

  Immunotherapy, including personalized medicine and gene-editing technology, shows potential for managing ocular immune diseases.