Alcohol consumption, especially four or more drinks per week, is associated with an increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

A retrospective cohort analysis of over 19,000 participants revealed a dose-response relationship: higher alcohol consumption correlated with a higher risk of developing POAG, which was more pronounced in female participants. The study identified other risk factors as well, such as family history of glaucoma, race, myopia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Previous research has shown conflicting results, with some studies linking alcohol consumption with higher intraocular pressure and thinner macular ganglion cell layers. Chronic alcohol use may contribute to peripheral neuropathy, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, potentially exacerbating age-related changes of the trabecular meshwork. Given the potential impact on glaucoma risk, targeted screening and adherence to alcohol intake guidelines are recommended.

Source: Journal of Glaucoma