- Myelin injury was detected about 7 years before multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms appeared.
- Axonal damage followed roughly 1 year later, and astrocyte changes emerged only at onset.
- Early activation of interleukin-3 and NF-κB pathways indicated presymptomatic immune activity.
- A 21-protein panel identified presymptomatic MS with 91% sensitivity and 65% specificity.
- Findings suggest MS develops over many years, offering opportunities for earlier detection pending further validation.
Source: Nature Medicine
