- Proximity to golf courses, particularly in vulnerable groundwater areas, is linked to increased Parkinson's disease risk.
- Living within 1 mile of a golf course was associated with 2.26 times the risk of Parkinson's disease compared to living more than 6 miles away.
- Potential exposure pathways include pesticide-contaminated groundwater and airborne pesticide drift.
- 86.6% of the patients with Parkinson's disease lived in groundwater service areas.
- Public health policies to reduce pesticide-related environmental exposures may mitigate the risk of Parkinson's disease in affected communities.
Source: JAMA Network Open
