Analyses by treatment timing, cumulative dose, and stunting supported the overall finding, though early-initiation and female subgroup data were limited.
These 10 states reported physician residency completion totals, physician retention rates, or residency Match fill rates identified in graduate medical education data.
These 10 states posted some of the lowest 2026 Medicare practice expense GPCI among states that CMS treats as a single statewide locality, with broader price levels and selected malpractice or tax indicators adding context.