Non-drug-induced altered states of consciousness are more common than you might think, and while some experience moderate to severe negative effects, a recent study found that few seek clinical help to address these issues.
The study, published in Mindfulness, investigated the widespread occurrence of altered states of consciousness (ASC) and the insufficiency of clinical support for affected individuals. The authors noted that the rise of "potentially consciousness-altering practices [yoga, meditation, and mindfulness-based interventions] may be leading to a rise in emergent phenomena (EP): sudden unusual mental or somatic experiences often interpreted as spiritual, mystical, energetic, or magical in nature."
Researchers conducted a survey with 3,135 participants from the UK, US, and an online rationalist community to measure the prevalence and impact of non-pharmacologically induced ASC. They found that 45% of respondents reported experiencing ASC, including derealization (17%), unitive experiences (15%), ecstatic thrills (15%), vivid perceptions (11%), changes in perceived size (10%), bodily heat or electricity (9%), out-of-body experiences (8%), and perception of non-physical lights (5%).
Both positive and negative impacts on well-being were reported, with 13% experiencing moderate or greater suffering, and 1.1% reporting "life-threatening suffering". The study highlighted that certain experiences of ASC could include increased awareness of unpleasant feelings or emotions, heightened sensitivity and porosity "making them prone to report paranormal phenomena", as well as cognitive shifts to experience a state of disarray, shaking, trembling, and contortions. Despite these adverse effects, 63% did not seek help.
“An understanding of the prevalence and outcomes of EP among both meditating and non-meditating members of the general population is becoming an increasingly important matter,” noted researchers.
They mentioned that current healthcare systems often pathologize these experiences, and with under-reporting in clinical settings it suggests that clinicians are not prepared to assist. The study advocates for the development of comprehensive support mechanisms and informed consent protocols for individuals engaging in mindfulness and contemplative practices, which are known to induce ASC.
“Properly understanding the long-term effects of EP and their role in meditative development will help ensure the best possible outcomes for individual and societal health.”
The authors declared no competing interests.
