1. Higher Mediterranean diet adherence was associated with increased levels of Humanin and SHMOOSE, supporting a potential mitochondrial mechanism underlying cardiometabolic benefits.
2. Patients with higher adherence had lower oxidative stress markers, including sNox2-dp and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α.
3. Humanin showed an inverse association with oxidative stress, remaining significant for sNox2-dp after adjustment, suggesting a possible interaction with Nox2 activity.
4. Key dietary components—olive oil, fish, legumes, and reduced refined bread intake—were associated with higher microprotein levels.
5. Findings are hypothesis-generating; the small, cross-sectional AF cohort limits causal inference and generalizability.

Source: Frontiers in Nutrition