- Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) presents a severe and complex respiratory phenotype, characterized by mixed inflammatory responses and extensive airway remodeling.
- Patients with ACO show the greatest symptom burden, severe impairments in lung function, and distinctive inflammatory profiles compared to patients with asthma or COPD alone.
- ACO presents with airway remodeling, intermediate levels of emphysema, and moderate small airway disease.
- At a molecular level, differential expression analysis revealed enrichment of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway in ACO.
- The study aimed to guide targeted therapeutic strategies for ACO, based on the unique physiological, inflammatory, and molecular characteristics of the condition.
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