- Dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes associated with higher disease odds than smoking alone.
- Dual users had consistently higher odds of several diseases compared to exclusive smokers.
- Assumption that e-cigarette use provides harm reduction across all cigarette-caused diseases should be reassessed.
- Lack of consistent data on use duration or intensity of e-cigarette use limited deeper conclusions.
- More longitudinal studies needed to understand the long-term health impacts of e-cigarettes.
Source: NEJM Evidence
