Vitamin K deficiency causes about 30% of coagulopathy referrals, surpassing inherited bleeding disorders. A recent review found that an FII/FIIE ratio less than 0.86 accurately identifies vitamin K deficiency, even with liver disease. Updated 2025 ISTH DIC scoring (score ≥ 5) improves diagnosis, assigning three points to D-dimer levels more than seven times normal. Prolonged PT/INR remains the most sensitive marker due to FVII’s short half-life, while concurrent PT and APTT elevation indicates multiple vitamin K–dependent factor deficiencies. Rare disorders such as FXIII and combined FV/FVIII deficiencies were also outlined within a structured lab algorithm.

Source: Pathology