1. Vitamin K deficiency accounts for nearly 30% of coagulopathy referrals, surpassing inherited bleeding disorders as the most common cause.
2. An FII/FIIE ratio less than 0.86 or FIIE–FII difference more than 0.045 U/mL offers high specificity for vitamin K deficiency, even in the presence of liver disease.
3. The 2025 ISTH DIC score revision defines overt DIC as a total score of 5 or more, with D-dimer more than seven times normal contributing three diagnostic points.
4. Prolonged PT/INR is the most sensitive early indicator of vitamin K deficiency due to the short half-life of factor VII.
5. A structured diagnostic algorithm using standard assays (PT, APTT, fibrinogen) helps distinguish vitamin K deficiency, liver-related coagulopathy, and rare factor deficiencies such as FXIII and combined FV/FVIII deficiency.

Source: Pathology