By 2050, myopia is projected to affect half of the global population, underscoring the need for effective prevention and management strategies.
Currently, myopia, or short-sightedness, affects one in three individuals worldwide, with estimates indicating that by 2050, one in every two individuals will be affected. Myopia typically develops in childhood and progresses into adulthood. Early onset is associated with an increased risk of severe myopia and complications such as myopic maculopathy, which may result in vision loss.
A study published in the Community Eye Health Journal noted that children who spend less time outdoors, engage in extensive near-work tasks, have higher levels of education, or have parents with myopia are at increased risk for developing the condition. Myopia is also more prevalent among East Asian populations. Myopia can negatively impact academic performance and overall quality of life if left uncorrected. The progressive nature of myopia imposes financial burdens, including costs related to health care, eye examinations, and corrective devices.
Preventing or delaying the onset of myopia is crucial, study investigators indicated. Evidence suggested increasing outdoor activities to at least 2 hours per day may reduce the risk for developing myopia.
Myopia management strategies, as outlined by researchers, include:
- Specially designed spectacle lenses and contact lenses
- Orthokeratology
- Low-dose atropine eye drops
- Light-based therapies
- Combination treatments involving one or more of these categories
These strategies aim to correct refractive errors and slow the progression of myopia, according to study investigators. Adverse effects associated with myopia control strategies are generally minimal. Higher concentrations of atropine may cause reversible side effects such as photophobia and blurred near vision. Optical devices can lead to visual disturbances and contact lenses or orthokeratology may pose risks such as microbial keratitis, although rare.
Lifestyle modifications, particularly increasing outdoor activity, are considered effective strategies for myopia prevention. Current management approaches have demonstrated efficacy in reducing myopia progression.
The authors reported no conflicts of interest.
