Inflammatory orbital diseases, which affect up to 6% of orbital diseases, involve the diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells within the orbital fat compartment. Recent research highlighted the distinct metabolic properties of orbital fat, its diagnostic implications, and its role in conditions such as Graves' orbitopathy ophthalmopathy, sarcoidosis, and IgG4-related disease. Current management strategies often involve corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, and surgical interventions, while emerging strategies include the use of orbital fat-derived stem cells and novel approaches such as orbital decompression surgery and targeted monoclonal antibody therapy.

Source: Ophthalmology and Therapy