Recent research highlights the multifactorial risk factors for spina bifida, emphasizing significant contributions from maternal exposure to solvents, pesticides, heavy metals, and certain medications, alongside genetic factors. Maternal diabetes and lifestyle choices further increase risks. The study, led by Ethan S. Wong from The University of Chicago Medical Center, indicates that while folic acid supplementation reduces neural tube defects, other environmental factors continue to influence spina bifida development, necessitating enhanced understanding and public health interventions.

Source: Pediatric Discovery