There may be a link between regular cannabis use and infertility in women aged 20-49, according to a study presented at the ACOG Annual Clinical & Scientific Meeting in San Francisco. 

The study, which utilized data from the 2013-2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, investigated the relationship between cannabis use and the inability to conceive within 1 year. 

Of 3,166 women, 12.5% reported infertility. The prevalence of infertility varied by frequency of cannabis use, ranging from 10.8% among irregular cannabis users to 15.4% among regular cannabis user (defined as monthly use or more for at least a year). 

Using multivariable logistic regression models and adjusting for self-reported sociodemographic status and the use of other substances, the researchers found that women who reported regular cannabis use had a 47% greater risk for infertility compared with women who reported never using cannabis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.47; 95% CI, 0.88, 2.45). In contrast, women who reported irregular use had a 17% lower risk for infertility (aOR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.54, 1.30). 

The authors noted the results contribute to a small but growing body of evidence suggesting that regular cannabis use could have a small to moderate association with infertility. However, they also acknowledged that further research is necessary to convey the risk to prospective parents better. 

As the prevalence of cannabis use grows with expanding legalization in the U.S., understanding the potential effects on reproductive health becomes increasingly important. While the study's findings are not conclusive, they highlight the need for continued research and open discussions between patients and health care providers regarding the potential risks associated with cannabis use when trying to conceive, they noted. 

The authors reported no potential conflicts of interest.