In a press release from the AHA, experts warned individuals against partaking in overexerting exercises such as snow shoveling during the winter months. The experts revealed that because snow shoveling involves mainly arm work, isometric or static exertion, pooling of blood in the lower extremities, straining movements that encourage breath holding, and exposure to cold temperatures that can constrict the blood vessels, the exercise places extra stress on the heart and can increase an individual’s heart rate and blood pressure. As a result, snow shoveling may heighten the risk of experiencing a heart attack or sudden cardiac arrest—especially among those with preexisting cardiovascular disease, individuals who don’t exercise regularly, and people with risk factors such as obesity and a history of smoking. Additionally, engaging in just 2 minutes of snow shoveling may exceed 85% of the maximal heart rate. The experts compared shoveling heavy snow with taking a treadmill stress test or performing intense aerobic exercise testing. To decrease the likelihood of experiencing an adverse cardiac event while snow shoveling, the experts recommended that at-risk individuals ask someone who is not at risk to shovel the snow. However, those who must shovel snow themselves should avoid windy conditions; begin gradually; shovel at a slower rate; make pushing or sweeping rather than lifting motions; use automated snow blowers; and wear proper winter attire such as layered clothing, mouth and nose protection, hats, and gloves. “The movements of snow shoveling are very … demanding on [the] body. Combined with … exposure to cold air, … [this could push the] heart to do a lot more work in conditions that are diminishing the heart’s ability to function at its best,” concluded Barry Franklin, PhD, FAHA, of the AHA.